p pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pk pl pm pn po pp pr ps pt pu pv pw px py

Перевод: perfective

[прилагательное]
совершенный [грам.]

Тезаурус:

1. While we cannot explain why this sense should be restricted to British English (the Brown Corpus confirms Quirk et al. s claim), it is possible to offer some explanation for its tendency to occur in the perfective aspect.
2. 1 Perfective aspect: He has gone (present): He had gone (past).
3. For example, notice occurrences and functions of the present tense; of the progressive aspect (eg was lying); of the perfective aspect (eg has/had appeared); of modal auxiliaries (eg can, must, would, etc).
4. We note his use in (3) of the inclusive first-person pronoun our, and the change from the narrative past tense to the perfective (has run) and the future (will last).
5. This seems to be the problem too with perfective done , a feature of Appalachian speech studied by Wolfram and Christian (1976).
6. This obviously produces an impression which is quite similar to the more dominant be aware sense - that of the subject as possessing knowledge - the only difference being that the perfective explicitly evokes this knowledge as the result of the operation of obtaining it.
7. In the case of the operative sense of know, this means that in the perfective aspect the subject of know is conceived as having the results of directly experiencing something.
8. We might propose something like the following for English: then and now for past and present; be and have for continuous and perfective:
9. The perfective aspect, as Hirtle 1975 has shown, evokes something resultative: it represents the subject of the verb as being in the result phase of the event denoted by the past participle.
10. Some of the tense/aspect distinctions of American Black English which have attracted the attention of sociolinguists seem to introduce the same problems of underlying structural non-identity as the Irish English perfect - an example is perfective done , illustrated by 19-;21.
11. (1985: 1205) point out that know followed by the bare infinitive is confined mainly to British English and to the perfective aspect.
12. (Labov 1982a: 87) There are a number of examples in the literature of the problem to which Labov is drawing attention here; certainly Kallen's do be variable falls into this category as do the perfective aspect markers discussed by J. Harris (1984).
13. The so-called bare infinitive will be analysed here as evoking a perfective view of the realization of an event, i.e. the image of an event as unfolding in time from its beginning to its end in the case of an action-like event or as actualizing its full lexical content at each instant of its existence in the case of a state-like one.