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Перевод: phenotypic

фенотипичный

Тезаурус:

1. Natural selection favours some genes rather than others not because of the nature of the genes themselves, but because of their consequences - their phenotypic effects.
2. The genes, then, are physically close to their extended phenotypic effects, as close as genes ordinarily are to their conventional phenotypes.
3. But we shall now see that the phenotypic effects of a gene need to be thought of as all the effects that it has on the world .
4. In all three cases the changes in the host, if we accept that they are Darwinian adaptations for the benefit of the parasite, must be seen as extended phenotypic effects of parasite genes.
5. Cuckoo adaptations to manipulate the behaviour of foster-parents can be looked upon as extended phenotypic action at a distance by cuckoo genes.
6. What might it mean in practice to speak of a gene as having an extended phenotypic effect on the world outside the body in which it sits?
7. It undeniably happens to be the case that these phenotypic effects have largely become bundled up into discrete vehicles, each with its genes disciplined and ordered by the prospect of a shared bottleneck of sperms or eggs funnelling them into the future.
8. We are ready for the next step in the argument: genes in one organism can have extended phenotypic effects on the body of another organism.
9. In all cases in which natural selection has favoured genes for manipulation, it is legitimate to speak of those same genes as having (extended phenotypic) effects on the body of the manipulated organism.
10. Giantism in beetle larvae is an extended phenotypic effect of protozoan genes.
11. But what if a gene exerted a phenotypic effect that was good for itself but bad for the rest of the genes in the body?
12. In exactly the same sense as we may speak of cuckoo genes having (phenotypic) effects on the colour and shape of cuckoo gapes, so we may speak of cuckoo genes having (extended phenotypic) effects on host behaviour.
13. Beaver lakes are extended phenotypic effects of beaver genes, and they can extend over several hundreds of yards.