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Перевод: discharger

[существительное]
разгружатель ; тот, кто освобождает; тот, кто разгружает; разрядник ; пусковое устройство ракеты

Тезаурус:

1. Once fixed it may subsequently be reviewed and modified by the agency in consultation with the discharger.
2. But predictive judgments about ability to comply are founded not upon some dispassionate analysis of economic facts and figures so much as upon characterizations of a discharger's know-how and willingness to comply, derived from his occupation, size, experience, and reputation.
3. The practical task, then, for a water authority setting or modifying a consent based on criteria relating to the particular watercourse becomes one of persuading a discharger disadvantaged by some criterion which makes sense in utilitarian - but not moral - terms of the force of the agency's position.
4. Dischargers are thus permitted to pollute by the water authorities - but only (in theory) up to those levels set out in the discharger's consent document.
5. In most cases the choice of parameters and limits is made by the officer in the field in response to an application from the would-be discharger, a choice which is routinely ratified by senior staff.
6. But to make even a minor improvement to effluent which already consists of relatively good quality water may involve the discharger in very heavy expenditure indeed (see Kneese, 1973).
7. Indeed, the principle serves administrative interests well, for if standard conditions designed to be equitable as between apparently similar dischargers are routinely applied, the discharger who wishes to appeal against the standards imposed in his case is probably in a weak position if the agency is able to show the Minister that the standards were those typically in force.
8. They should at least appear to be attainable, for standards which can be met, if at all, only after massive expenditure might tempt an unwilling discharger to question them by appeal.
9. But where standards appear to a discharger to impose excessive demands he may exercise a right of appeal to the Secretary of State.
10. Although hardly ever employed, this right of appeal in effect confers bargaining power upon the discharger who seeks to counter administrative extravagance, since the agencies attempt to avoid appeal at almost all costs:
11. The conflict is between an essentially moral stance which prizes consistency and uniformity in the application of standards (similar discharges should be similarly controlled in degree and kind) and a utilitarian approach concerned with effect on water quality, regardless (again, in theory, at least) of the means of the discharger or the demands fortuitously being placed unequally on similar dischargers (see generally Ackemman et al , 1974).
12. Since the cost of control usually returns few, if any, financial benefits to the discharger and has to be met by increased prices, dischargers regard pollution control costs as a burden to be avoided wherever possible.
13. Agency staff sometimes question themselves about a discharger's economic position and his capacity to comply with the parameters and limits which they would ideally like to impose.