d da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dr ds dt du dw dx dy dz

Перевод: disutility

[существительное]
вредность ; пагубность ; бесполезность

Тезаурус:

1. If this is not true, then there is no longer any reason to expect a tendency towards equality between the real wage and the marginal disutility of labour.
2. We find that: (i) there is disutility from being unemployed, with individuals disliking unemployment even more after the first three months; (ii) unemployment benefits have no effect on the behaviour of the unemployed individuals after the first three months; (iii) income receipts other than unemployment benefits and earnings have only a very small effect; (iv) the conditional probability of leaving the unemployment spell shows no sign of decreasing with duration for most of the members of our sample, while 50% of the teenage men have an increasing hazard; (v) the effects of unemployment benefits on the expected duration varies with age; the average elasticity of 0.12 is much smaller than those estimated by NNS and NN, who used the same data set but different models.
3. The first two variants of the model imply that their marginal disutility of leisure is very high after the first period.
4. The traditional theory of employment maintains, in short, that the wage bargains between the entrepreneurs and the workers determine the real wage; so that, assuming free competition amongst employers and no restrictive combinations amongst workers, the latter can, if they wish, bring their real wages into conformity with the marginal disutility of employment offered by the employers at that wage.
5. This model assumes that an individual accepts the first job whose wage dominates the benefit level adjusted for the disutility of work (see (6) and (7)).
6. For individual A, her own income is a good but the other person's income is a bad, reflecting the presence of malice towards B. (Envy is increasing marginal disutility of the other person's income.)
7. If workers are to supply more labour they may require a reward in the form of a higher real wage rate in order to compensate them for the higher marginal disutility of employment.
8. It must be noted that no value is being given to the disutility of work in itself.
9. The general level of wages exceeded the marginal disutility of employment.
10. It is that single level of employment where the marginal physical product of labour is brought into equality with the marginal disutility of employment at one and only one real wage rate: the marginal physical product of labour = w *; = the marginal disutility of employment.
11. Gravelle (1985) points to an implicit assumption which, when relaxed, gives rise to one of them: that either no managerial effort is required to reduce costs or that such effort does not yield disutility to managers' (p. 115).
12. An increase in is associated with a lower disutility from unemployment in the unionized sector, and hence the union executive is able to put more emphasis on its goal of higher wages since the costs of unemployment are now lower.