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Перевод: penicillin

[существительное]
пенициллин

Тезаурус:

1. When intramuscular injections of penicillin failed to cure the patient, and after consulting Florey, Fleming took the heroic measure of injecting penicillin directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, where the streptococci still lurked.
2. From a therapeutic aspect, penicillin was marvellous because it cured many dangerous bacterial infections, but it was tiresome because it was inactive by mouth (it was destroyed by the acidity of the stomach contents), it acted for a very short time (it was rapidly excreted by the kidneys) and so was of little value unless given by injection at intervals of not longer than 3 hours, and because, after a time, the normal processes of evolution led to the appearance of resistant strains of the microbes which had previously been sensitive to penicillin.
3. Although the American achievement in obtaining high yields of penicillin from mould cultures was crucial to the practical introduction of penicillin on a worldwide scale, manufacture by chemical synthesis was naturally an attractive alternative.
4. Whatever its origin, this discovery had much importance in the future of penicillin.
5. The synthesis of penicillin on a commercial scale proved intractable , but enzymic and chemical modification of penicillins led to semi-synthetic substances, based particularly on economic ways of generating the nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, by fermentation.
6. They sell everything from expired penicillin injections, pirated cassettes and old clothes to skin lightening creams - "As Used by Top American Society".
7. Organisms resistant to penicillin, particularly staphylococci, became a major problem by about 1960, especially in hospitals, and accelerated the search for alternative antibiotics and for modifications of penicillin which were resistant to the bacterial penicillinases.
8. This process had already been invaluable to industry and proved to be so for penicillin.
9. Chain began working in the summer of 1938 on penicillin and pyocyanase, though by January 1939, when an application for funds was made to the Medical Research Council, penicillin and "actinomycetin", an antibiotic which Waksman was studying, were mentioned.
10. Penicillin was an unpromising candidate for therapeutic use because of its instability and reputed inactivation by blood, but this did not reduce its scientific interest.
11. Chain and Heatley injected streptococci into mice and then treated some of the mice with penicillin.
12. He had been studying soil fungi since 1916, and wrote a survey of the known inhibitors in 1940, but his effective contribution to medicine came after the very modest success of tyrocidin and the very great success of penicillin.