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Перевод: penology

[существительное]
пенология ; наука о наказаниях и тюрьмах

Тезаурус:

1. He has contributed not only to general Marxist theory, but also directly to penology in Whigs and Hunters (1977), his painstaking historical study of the passing of the "Black Act" of 1723, a penal statute of extraordinary scope and ferocity.
2. He looked back to the era (pre-industrialism) before the things we consider "natural" - prisons, asylums, hospitals - had been devised, in order to trace the "genealogy" of pseudosciences like penology, criminology, psychiatry and sexology.
3. For penology, Foucault's most important examination of historical change is his great work Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1977).
4. This book, the seminal work of the "classical" schools of criminal law and penology, provided a thoroughgoing critique of the criminal justice systems of eighteenth-century Europe along with a blueprint for reform along more rational and humane lines.
5. It would be misleading to suggest that there was anything approaching a complete intellectual segregation between criminology and penology, even in their sociological versions.
6. And Monachesi (1960, p.49) goes as far as to say that "The reader will find proposed in his essay practically all of the important reforms in the administration of criminal justice and in penology which have been achieved in the civilised world since 1764".
7. Wilson (1975) has suggested another reason for the division between positivist criminology and penology: the causal variables that were proposed related to areas that were difficult to change - especially with the limited powers and resources available to penal practitioners.
8. Marxist penology applies this method of analysis (known as "historical materialism") to the study of penality.
9. Beyond this, especially as one proceeds into issues of criminology and penology, account must be taken of psychology and arguably of medical science.
10. Conventional histories of penology tend to represent these developments in penal thought and practice as rational, progressive, scientific and humane; Marxists are sceptical of such claims and see the furtherance of class interests as of prime importance.
11. And subsequently, the practical discipline of "penology" tended to become separated from "criminology proper".
12. Similarly, Bentham's penology - and utilitarianism generally - were functional to the interests of the bourgeoisie at a slightly later historical stage (Ignatieff, 1979; Hogg, 1979).
13. The "economic determinist" approach produced one classic, pioneering work of Marxist penology: Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer's Punishment and Social Structure (1939).